Someone recently asked me about the Debian Xfce 4.10 status, as apparently I forgot to update this post series. So, as you might have noticed, the full Xfce 4.10 desktop environment is currently in Debian Jessie (current name for testing). All in all, the transition went well and smooth. One of the most regular question I get about Xfce 4.10 is the panel behavior when it comes to the task bar expansion. In xfce4-panel 4.8, when people wanted to have a full side panel with a task bar plugin inside, they added a Windows buttons plugin and configured the panel to 100% length. Then the Windows buttons would expand to occupy all the free space on the panel. It was a special case plugins, as usually other plugins only used a fixed space. Now, in 4.10, this is not the case anymore. Windows button uses a fixed size. And the plugins are left-aligned, which means usually people end up with some space at the far right of the panel. To restore the previous behavior back (which is actually the pre-4.8 behavior, 4.8 was an exception by itself), one needs to add a Separator plugin, then configure it to expand (and optionnally select a transparent handle). Then move it next right to the Windows buttons plugin. Another thing which might be a bit surprising for upgrading users is the change in the Action buttons plugin, which people usually use to logout. In 4.8, by default, it's set to run the logout dialog. In 4.10, by default, it's set to logout directly (but with a confirmation dialog). If you prefer the previous behavior, you can just configure the Action buttons plugin and select the Log out item instead of the Log out one (I know, it's a bit confusing). If you have any question, don't hesitate to reach us by mail or on irc (#debian-xfce on Freenode). Other than that remember that Xfce really needs you help, both in Debian and upstream (and at that point, I'd say *especially* upstream). There's a lot of unmaintained project under the Xfce umbrella, some of them part of the core (like xfce4-power-manager), so if you have some spare time and some C/GTK+ knowledge, feel free to contact the Xfce team on the mailing list.

udisks2 was uploaded recently to Debian sid. With this, people might have seen hidden encrypted disks reappear in Thunar. Hiding disks in udisks was previously done by setting an udev propery. For example, I did this using /etc/udev/rules.d/99-hide-disks.rules:

KERNEL=="sda2", ENV UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE ="1" This is not valid anymore in udisks2, but only the property name has changed. You can simply replace by:

KERNEL=="sda2", ENV UDISKS_IGNORE ="1"

This is an update on the Xfce 4.10 transition to unstable. Most desktop components have been uploaded, built and installed to the archive. We're now currently building and uploading the various goodies, and especially panel plugins. There's a lot of them so it takes some time. Once we'll have finished to build and upload all the goodies, we'll ask for binNMUs on the packages which don't need a sourceful upload but need to be rebuilt against libxfce4util or xfce4-panel 4.10. You can follow the transition status using the release team page. In any case, please be patient while we upload all the packages. Again, no need to report installability issues in unstable for now, we are aware of it and don't need more warnings. We'll fix the fallouts in due time.

Thanks to the release team ACK, I've started uploading Xfce 4.10 to unstable yesterday. For now, I've only pushed Xfce 4.10.1 desktop components, which means people using xfce4 + xfce4-goodies in unstable won't be able to upload at once. That's because panel plugins have a quite hard dependency on the running xfce4-panel, and the communication protocol has changed between Xfce 4.8 and 4.10. So all panel plugins need to be rebuild against the new xfce4-panel. I'll start uploading new releases or packages revisions this evening, and binNMUs will be scheduled for the rest, but it'll take some days. In the meantime, you can safely wait before upgrading xfce4. If you don't use external panel plugins, then you can accept to remove xfce4-goodies and the various xfce4-*-plugins and upgrade to xfce4 4.10. There's no need to report a bug about that situation, we're already aware of it and it's somehow intended, things will settle in a few days.

Following the DPL game call for players, here are my nominations for the fantastic four (in alphabetical order) :

1. Luca Falavigna
2. Tollef Fog Heen
3. Yves-Alexis Perez
4. Christian Perrier

These are four randomly selected people among those who share an understanding of the Debian community, a sense of leadership, and the ability to drive people forward with solutions.

After some feedback from other people, I have an important update to make on my last post. As I said, what decided me to eventually buy an OpenPGP smartcard was that it supported 4096 bit keys, so it would fit my 4096R/71EF0BA8 key. In the end, it seems it's a little more complicated than that. 4096R keys are indeed supported, as far as signing and authentication are concerned. But encryption keys seem limited to 3072 bits (or maybe more, I didn't test toroughly). When trying to decrypt some stuff encrypted for a 4096R key on the smartcard, gpg fails with some general error . It has already been reported here, but no news since. In my case, it's not that bad, I decided to go for 2048R for all subkeys. But if you desperately need 4096 bit encryption key, OpenPGPv2 smartcards might not be the right solution for you. I have no idea if the problem lies in GnuPG or in the smartcard, and I can't really find much information on this.

A friend of mine recently reminded me of the OpenPGP smartcard v2, and told me that it was perfectly able to handle 4096 bit RSA keys (provided you have GnuPG v2.0.18+). I had the opportunity to play with one a little, and notice it was super easy to use it for ssh authentication, especially since I already use gpg-agent as my ssh-agent (it should be easy to use a purely software authentication key as ssh key with GnuPG 2.1). So I decided to buy two of them and try to switch my main key (0x71ef0ba8) to it. The cards arrived this weekend, and I was able to play with it a little. I didn't log every command I typed, but it was pretty easy, in the end. What I decided to do was to use one smartcard for every day usage, and one only for key signing. So basically, I would generate three (signing, encryption, authentication) subkeys, put them on smartcard 1, then put the primary key on smartcard 2. Then erase the private parts, and only keep them on smartcards. In case it interests people, here the somehow detailed steps. Note that everywhere 'gpg' means 'gpg2' on Debian, we really need GnuPG v2 for correct smartcard handling. You'd better use gpg-agent too, although it doesn't seem mandatory.

1. make a backup! As we're gonna play with private parts (!), it's always a good idea to have backups. And it'll be useful to have one later, in case there's a problem with the smartcards. You can do a copy of your complete ~/.gnupg folder, but I simply did:

   corsac@scapa: umask 066
   corsac@scapa: gpg -o 71ef0ba8.gpg --export-secret-keys 71ef0ba8
   

2. Add three subkeys. Skip this is you already have subkeys (you usually already have an encryption subkey, but I wanted to switch to a new one too) --expert is needed in order to chose capabilities.

   corsac@scapa: gpg --expert --edit-key 71ef0ba8
   gpg> addkey
   Please select what kind of key you want:
      (3) DSA (sign only)
      (4) RSA (sign only)
      (5) Elgamal (encrypt only)
      (6) RSA (encrypt only)
      (7) DSA (set your own capabilities)
      (8) RSA (set your own capabilities)
   Your selection? 8
   Possible actions for a RSA key: Sign Encrypt Authenticate 
   Current allowed actions: Sign Encrypt 
      (S) Toggle the sign capability
      (E) Toggle the encrypt capability
      (A) Toggle the authenticate capability
      (Q) Finished
   Your selection? e
   Possible actions for a RSA key: Sign Encrypt Authenticate 
   Current allowed actions: Sign 
      (S) Toggle the sign capability
      (E) Toggle the encrypt capability
      (A) Toggle the authenticate capability
      (Q) Finished
   Your selection? Q
   RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
   What keysize do you want? (2048) 
   Requested keysize is 2048 bits
   Please specify how long the key should be valid.
            0 = key does not expire
           = key expires in n days
         w = key expires in n weeks
         m = key expires in n months
         y = key expires in n years
   Key is valid for? (0) 1y
   Key expires at dim. 27 oct. 2013 20:38:44 CET
   Is this correct? (y/N) y
   Really create? (y/N) y
   We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
   some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
   disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
   generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
   

   Repeat this for encryption and authentication subkeys. Then save and send the key to keyservers

   gpg> save
   corsac@scapa: gpg --send-keys 71ef0ba8
   

3. Next, we'll switch to the smartcard part. I use a Gemalto PC ExpressCard reader which is perfectly recognized under Debian. You just need few tools:

   root@scapa: ~# apt-get install pcscd scdaemon
   

   Plug the reader, insert the card, make sure it's detected:

   corsac@scapa: gpg --card-status
   Application ID ...: D2760001240102000005000016A10000
   Version ..........: 2.0
   Manufacturer .....: ZeitControl
   ...
   

   You can edit various parameter (name etc.) and change the PINs using gpg:

   corsac@scapa: gpg --change-pin
   corsac@scapa: gpg --card-edit
   

4. Then we'll put the subkeys in the first smartcard. It might be a good idea to export again the private keys for backups.

   corsac@scapa: gpg -o 71ef0ba8.gpg --export-secret-keys 71ef0ba8
   

5. We'll now use the keytocard gpg command to move the private parts on the smartcard:

   corsac@scapa: gpg --edit-key 71ef0ba8
   gpg> key 1 # select encryption subkey
   gpg> keytocard
   gpg> key 2 # select signature subkey
   gpg> keytocard
   gpg> key 3 # select authentication subkey
   gpg> keytocard
   gpg> save
   

   A quick check on the card now reveals that it's populated:

   corsac@scapa: gpg --card-status
   Application ID ...: D2760001240102000005000016A10000
   Version ..........: 2.0
   Manufacturer .....: ZeitControl
   Serial number ....: 000016A1
   Name of cardholder: Yves-Alexis Perez
   Language prefs ...: fr
   Sex ..............: unspecified
   URL of public key : http://www.corsac.net/71ef0ba8.asc
   Login data .......: corsac
   Signature PIN ....: forced
   Key attributes ...: 2048R 2048R 2048R
   Max. PIN lengths .: 32 32 32
   PIN retry counter : 3 3 3
   Signature counter : 7
   Signature key ....: 9745 B022 7323 81FE 9E7E  AFF5 6DDB 53F2 A675 C0A5
         created ....: 2012-10-27 11:24:07
   Encryption key....: F7E0 078F EA1A 5F23 92E0  20B3 A83A D136 D98D 0D9F
         created ....: 2012-10-27 11:27:01
   Authentication key: 8CFD D478 AB4A 16F8 F0EC  CD33 24E2 3B5C CC0E 273D
         created ....: 2012-10-17 14:29:18
   General key info..: pub  2048R/A675C0A5 2012-10-27 Yves-Alexis Perez 
   sec>  4096R/71EF0BA8  created: 2009-05-06  expires: never     
                         card-no: 0005 000016A2
   ssb   4096g/36E31BD8  created: 2009-05-06  expires: never     
   ssb>  2048R/CC0E273D  created: 2012-10-17  expires: 2013-10-27
                         card-no: 0005 000016A1
   ssb>  2048R/A675C0A5  created: 2012-10-27  expires: 2013-10-27
                         card-no: 0005 000016A1
   ssb>  2048R/D98D0D9F  created: 2012-10-27  expires: 2013-10-27
                         card-no: 0005 000016A1
   

6. At that point, the private part is replaced by a stub in the secret keyring, so when you export them, you only export stubs which you can then use anywhere without actually giving your private key. So now is a good idea to export the subkeys so you can import them on other boxes:

   corsac@scapa: gpg -o 71ef0ba8-subkeys.gpg --export-secret-subkeys 71ef0ba8
   

   Note that only the subkeys private parts have been moved to the card, not the primary one, so you're still able to sign keys. Here, you have multiple choices. You can simply erase the private key (and later re-import the stubs) and use the offline copy made above when you need to sign another key.
7. What I did is something else. I've put the primary key on my second OpenPGP smartcard. That way, I won't lose it, it'll be kept safely in my house, but still be on a hardware token where it won't come out. The procedure for doing is so is exactly the same as above. First take a backup (in case you didn't do it first, do it now since after the keytocard command you won't have a backup of your primary key and there'll be no way to extract it from the smartcard. Then put the new smartcard in the reader, edit the key (don't select a subkey) and run the keytocard command. After that, running gpg --export-secret-keys will export the stub and not the private part of your primary key.

In the end, it seems that everything is running fine. Only issue is that scdaemon is sometime not behaving nicely (especially after a card change or or suspend/resume cycle). I didn't yet report a bug but you might want to kill it in case it's stuck. You can also use the authentication subkey for ssh logins. When the card is inserted, the authentication subkey appears automatically (through the magic of gpg-agent):

corsac@scapa: ssh-add -L
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EA... cardno:0005000016A1 And now you can add it to your various authorized_keys and use the smartcard for SSH.

It's been six months since Xfce 4.10 has been released. And it's been four months since Wheezy is frozen. Due to this timing (and the fact Squeeze has 4.6 and doing a 4.6 4.10 upgrade needed some tuning in various packages), it was decided to not try to push 4.10 into Wheezy that late in the release cycle. So Xfce 4.10 was uploaded to experimental instead, and as it needs a full rebuild of all panel plugins against 4.10 panel (another reason for not trying to push it to Wheezy), those have not been uploaded. You can try Xfce 4.10 using experimental, but you'll need to remove the xfce4-goodies metapackage and the various depending plugin (since they'll just crash if you try to load them on 4.10 panel). Multiple people asked me (either on IRC, by private or public mail) when 4.10 will be uploaded to unstable and transition to testing. Like last time, the answer is : not before Wheezy is released. Right now, we're more interested in stabilizing Wheezy and squashing the bugs there than adding new ones in unstable. So, if you want to have Xfce 4.10 in Debian sid/testing sooner, then the easiest and fastest way is to fix some release critical bugs so we can release sooner, and then start breaking sid by uploading a whole lot of new stuff there. Note that this is true also for other software like GNOME, KDE stack (I have no idea how to call it these days), the Linux kernel, strongswan or whatever. About development releases of Xfce 4.11 (like the recently released exo 0.9 and Thunar 1.5), well, since we already use experimental for 4.10, there's not much chance they get uploaded anytime soon. We could try to package them and let people build it themselves, or I could host it somewhere on my server for people to try. But as I already said, we're more interested in fixing bug in Wheezy right now, and people interested in finding bugs in Xfce development releases (so they are fixed for the final one) should build it themselves and report everything they find on the Xfce bugzilla. TL;DR: if you care about new, shiny stuff, please help fixing RC bugs in Wheezy.

Mirroring my post to debian-desktop here:

Howdy, -desktop,
Hopefully we can contain the flame to the other thread.
desktop-base/7.0.0~exp2 has been accepted into experimental, for testing
by y'all (and generally interested folks) for feedback and testing
before pushing to unstable.
I urge y'all to give it a try and provide feedback on issues that you
may run into.
You can overlay experimental on any unstable install, and install
desktop-base by running:
    $ sudo apt-get -t experimental install desktop-base
For more information on using experimental, check out the wiki[1].
If you would care to test out the plymouth bootsplash, here's the short
version of how to get it running:
 1) Install plymouth via apt ($ sudo apt-get install plymouth)
 2) Set the theme to use  joy' ($ sudo /usr/sbin/plymouth-set-default-theme joy)
 3) Edit the file /etc/default/grub, and add
    "splash" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
 4) update your initramfs ($ sudo update-initramfs -u)
Here's the full list of changes from the version in unstable:
    desktop-base (7.0.0~exp2) experimental; urgency=low
      * Remove GConf defaults, they are not used anymore.
      * Remove the GDM3 settings, since the configuration format for GDM
        change again, yay.
      * Add a dconf file for the new-style GDM3 configuration.
      * Add a XML file describing the available resolutions for the
        background (for use with GNOME).
      * postinst: use a higher priority for the 1920x1080 background.
      * Cleanup postinst/prerm/postrm.
      * Add a new alternative: desktop-background.xml.
      * Use it from the gsettings override.
      * Reload gdm3 after installation/removal.
      * Drop old libgnome2-common hack.
      * Clean up an alternative that is no longer available.
     -- Josselin Mouette <joss@debian.org>  Sat, 23 Jun 2012 23:28:15 +0200
    desktop-base (7.0.0~exp1) experimental; urgency=low
      [ Paul Tagliamonte ]
      * Adding myself as a maintainer
      * We've got a new theme --  joy' by Adrien Aubourg. Thanks, Adrien!
         - Theme added to backgrounds.
         - Theme added for Grub
         - Background changed for GDM3
         - Theme added for KDM & changed that to default.
         - Theme added for ksplash & changed to default.
      * Standards bump to 3.9.3
      * Pre-Dependency added for dpkg (>= 1.15.7.2~), since we use dpkg helpers
        in our preinst.
      * Add in Jonathan Carter's Plymouth theme.
      [ Jonathan Carter ]
      * Remove splashy theme since it's no longer available in archives
      [ Yves-Alexis Perez ]
      * Install emblem in the correct folder.
     -- Paul Tagliamonte <paultag@ubuntu.com>  Sat, 23 Jun 2012 13:00:47 +0200
I thank all of you dearly for putting up with this,
  Paul
[1]: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianExperimental

Fresh from the oven, monthly report of what I've been working on as DPL during January 2012.

---

Dear Developers,
here is another monthly report of what happened in DPL-land, this time for January 2012. There's quite a bit to report about --- including an insane amount of legal-ish stuff --- so please bear with me. Or not. Legal stuff

• Webmaster heroes have decided to tackle the long standing issues of copyright and licensing of the Debian website. I've accepted to help them out in reaching consensus with license choice and I'm happy to report that we've managed to pick a DFSG-free license (BSD-ish) for future contributions. Webmasters will soon contact contributors to re-license old contributions (or get rid of them), so hopefully will have a DFSG-free website RSN. Many thanks go to David Pr vot for successfully tackling such a can of worms.
• I've sought a second legal advice on the constraints that trademarks (might) impose on the work-flow of a distro like Debian. Luckily, it is coherent with one I've sought in the past so I'm now in condition to wrap up the "trademark vs DFSG" thread on -project with the missing legal information. Hopefully, I'll find time to do that sometime next week.
• I've restarted discussions with the Debian France association so that they can become a Debian Trusted Organization (as per Constitution 9.3). Members of the board of the association seem to be interested and I'm positive it could happen fairly soon. The importance of this is that we could use a back-up association in Europe to hold Debian assets, to complement the services that FFIS are already offering us.
• Thanks to the contributions of Benjamin Mako Hill and SPI lawyers, I've now what I consider a final draft of a trademark policy for Debian trademarks. Before proposing it to you, I'm waiting for some feedback from another umbrella organization for Free Software projects, that is working on a trademark policy for all their associated projects. As many Free Software projects are seeking trademark protection these days, I see benefits in having uniform (and sane!) policies. I hope to be able to gather the feedback I still miss this week-end at FOSDEM, and let you know shortly after that. Once this is done, we'll also be able to (finally!) relicense all kinds of Debian logos under a DFSG-free license. On this front, I've also updated http://www.debian.org/trademark with the information needed to contact us about trademark usage; hopefully it'll reduce the burden of answering to such inquiries.
• With the help of Kenshi Muto, Fumitoshi Ukai, Ishikawa Mutsumi, Shuzo Hatta, and Yasuhiro Araki we've started the process to move the Debian trademark in Japan from individuals (who are present or past members of the Debian JP association) to SPI. That would help dealing with these matters, as well as ensure that important Debian assets are held by Debian Trusted Organizations.
• I remind you that we've an ongoing complaint with the current registrant of debian.eu, domain that we believe Debian should legitimately own. Lawyers at SPI has now formally contacted the current owner and hopefully we'll be able to solve the issue amicably in the next months.
• Some of the past legal advice I sought for PPA came handy in a discussion on the legal risks of running a service like mentors.debian.net, hopefully addressing part of the issues in turning that into mentors.debian.org
• Patent policy for the Debian archive is now ready as well and I also have a patch for the website ready to be merged. I'm just waiting for the final blessing from SPI (lawyers) to go ahead and publish it.

Most of the above wouldn't have been possible without the precious help of folks at SFLC working for SPI and Debian. Be sure to thank SFLC for what they're doing for us and many other Free Software projects. Coordination Nobody stepped up to coordinate the artwork collection for Wheezy I've mentioned last month, so I've tried to do a little bit of that myself. The -publicity team is now preparing the call for artwork and hopefully we'll send it out RSN. In case you want to help, there is still a lot of room for that; just show up on the debian-desktop mailing list. Sprints A Debian Med sprint has happened in January, and Andreas Tille has provided a nice and detailed report about it. Some more sprints are forthcoming this spring, how about yours? Money

• We got from SPI a prepaid and rechargeable credit card that we can use for expenses or other kind of guarantees. Many thanks to Michael Schulteiss, SPI treasurer, for his help with that. Using it, we've redeemed 10k$ of credits offered to us by Amazon, that (thanks to ongoing work by Lucas Nussbaum) we're going to use to make our QA rebuilds independent from the underlying computing infrastructure.
• Thanks to the help of Luca Capello, we advanced quite a bit on forming the Debian Event Box kit that should make it easier to set up Debian booth at FOSS events. We bought the machine for it (for about ~755 CHF) and the box to contain it will soon be on its way as well. If you're at FOSDEM, tend to the Debian booth to check it out (and possibly help out with the technical setup).
• We've got quite a bit of donations during the December holidays. I've took the chance to thank donors, discuss what we do with donations and the status of publishing periodic Debian budgets.
• Pinged by Yves-Alexis Perez, I've now properly documented the fact that DDs are welcome to apply for hardware sponsoring, in case the hardware can be used to help/improve their Debian work. As suggested by Yves-Alexis, you can also advocate other DDs for hw sponsoring.
• Given hardware invariably age and that we can afford it, I've prodded DSA to prepare a general hardware replacement plan for our machines. Planning will go on this week-end and FOSDEM (thanks to Martin Zobel-Helas and Faidon Liambotis for their presence here) and I hope to have an approved machine replacement plan well before the end of the current DPL term (although I'm usually optimist...).

Important stuff going on Other important stuff has been going on in various area of the project in January. I'd like to point your attention to a couple of things:

• People active on debian-mentors have proposed an improved work-flow to deal with sponsoring/mentoring requests, based on the usage of a new pseudo package "sponsorship-requests". Thanks to Ansgar Burchardt, Jakub Wilk, Arno T ll, and Gregor Herrmann for working on this.
• Raphael Hertzog has kickstarted work on DEP-2, as a way to rationalize the flow of package-related information that (co-)maintainers get. Discussion about the idea are ongoing on the debian-qa mailing list.

Miscellanea

• Work has further progressed in reaching out to companies with an interest in giving support for, and contributing to Debian. Thanks to Alexander Wirt the technical work is now done and some sort of governance policy has been decided. Further step for me is to announce it properly hoping to reach out to as many interested companies as possible. I hope to finalize that in the next month. (If you're working for such a company and you happen to read this, feel free to reach out to me already.)
• I've completed an old todo item setting up and documenting titanpad.debian.net, service that has been requested for collaborative work during various kinds of online events. Help is welcome to help administering the service (see doc).
• SPI has clarified the role of project representatives and, as a consequence of that, I (as DPL) no longer receive SPI board discussions addressed to board@spi. That is good not only for the sanity of my inbox, but also because it puts all projects affiliated to SPI at the same level of communication within SPI. Thanks to Robert Brockway for his work on this.

In the unlikely case you've read thus far, thanks for your attention! Happy Debian hacking.

---

PS as usual, the boring day-to-day activity log is available at master:/srv/leader/news/bits-from-the-DPL.*

A few days ago Yves-Alexis Perez asked me how many hardware sponsorship request I usually get from Debian Developers, that is how many people ask me to use Debian money to buy material that can improve their work on Debian and indirectly Debian itself. The answer is "too few".
Making it easier for our developers to improve Debian is a worthwhile investment of money donated to Debian. Of course such a use of money should be motivated (i.e. you should be able to justify how the material you're asking for would improve Debian and why it should be Debian paying for it) and transparent (i.e. you should periodically report about what you're doing with material that Debian has bought for you to use). The above two principles are what I've tried to convey in a new section of the sponsoring guidelines wiki page I've been maintaining for a while. Comments and improvements highly welcome! Equally welcome are advocacy messages for hardware sponsoring to other fellow Developers, as suggested by Corsac.

Our Dear Project Leader, Stefano Zacchiroli, regularly mentions the fact that there's an amount of Debian money available for hardware sponsoring of Debian developers, but it seems that not much people benefit from it. Each time I saw one of this reminder, I wonder if I should apply, and the anser is usually no. The fact is that I don't think any new laptop or desktop to do my Debian stuff, and the last time I bought a box (my x201s last summer) it was not really specifically for Debian tasks so I didn't dare to ask (not to mention the fact I bought it because I did have the money to do so). And I think this is mostly the problem. I might be wrong, but I think that most people which could benefit from this just don't dare asking or don't estimate themselves eligible for it. When I saw Ben Hutchings post, where the first thing he says is about how hardware is expensive, I thought hey, he should get some Debian money for buying new hardware: building kernel is really time consuming and having multiple powerful cores, more ram and fast disks/SSDs really helps . Turns out that Ben just didn't really want to spend too much money there, but the case still stands. We also see from time to time people saying they'll be offline for a while because of broken laptop or something like that. Once again, maybe those people wouldn't mind some help from the Debian project, and maybe they just don't think about asking, or they don't dare. So thinking about it a bit more, I think I wouldn't dare asking money for myself, but maybe I could dare asking money for other people (this is a bit like the flattr posts by Rapha l Hertzog, where he incited people to give money to projects he liked). If I'm not alone in this case, maybe those Debian developers who think some of their peers would benefit some hardware could drop them a mail with leader@ on copy, to propose just that. No need for huge publicity on that (in order to not embarass people), though the transparency rules still apply when it comes to Debian money.

I received recently a mail about my attempt to provide Grsecurity kernels in Debian. The sender found the bug by accident, and asked me why I didn't do some more publicity here. So here we are. I won't go into details on what grsecurity is, it's fairly complex. But it's basically a hardening patch for the Linux kernel, with three main components:

• the PaX patch, which purpose is to harden the memory layout of the Linux kernel and improve existing options: enforcing of non-executable memory pages (userland and in kernel), W^X (no page marked as writable and executable), ASLR, prevention of invalid userland pointers dereference, copies between userland and kernel memory
• RBAC (Role Based Access Control), an implementation of Mandatory Access Control
• various hardening features: /proc restrictions, chroot restrictions, kernel symbols hiding etc.

A lot of this touches low level stuff in the kernel, especially memory management. Ideally this patch would be pushed upstream, but Brad Spengler (grsecurity main developper) already said he wasn't interested in upstreaming it and upstream already said the patch was too huge and invasive to include it like that (especially since the original authors aren't interested in maintaining it upstream). There's an ongoing effort to split the patch and merge things little by little, but in the meanwhile having a mid-term solution would be nice. I know Debian users rebuilding grsecurity-patched kernels themselves, and I know some of them would appreciate having them included in the Debian kernel. Fortunately, the linux-2.6 source package has a nice feature which is called featureset. Basically it's a way to build some (binary) packages using a different set of patches and a different config. For example this was used to provide xen/openvz/vserver patchsets, and is now used to provide rt kernels. So I though it'd be nice to provide a grsec featureset, and starting doing the work. I have a working setup for producing those kernels, so I've opened a wishlist bug against the kernel (#605090) to have this merged. Those packages follow the sid kernel. There's an ongoing work for Squeeze, but it's a bit harder there because both the grsecurity patchset and the Debian kernel ship a whole lot of backports to the Linux kernel, meaning the grsecurity patch doesn't apply directly to the Debian source package. Basically I need to remove some of the hunks (since they are already applied to the source) and port some others (since there are some backported code not present in the vanilla 2.6.32, for example the drm code). Until the patches are merged and the bug is closed, I host some of the built packages at:

deb http://molly.corsac.net/~corsac/debian/kernel-grsec/packages/ sid/ The repository is signed by my key which you can add to your apt setup using apt-key add. If you want to rebuild the packages yourself, here's the method:

mkdir kernel-grsec
cd kernel-grsec
svn checkout svn://svn.debian.org/svn/kernel/dists/sid/linux-2.6
git clone git://anonscm.debian.org/users/corsac/grsec-patches.git
wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.0.tar.bz2
wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.0.tar.bz2.sign
gpg --verify linux-3.0.tar.bz2
cd linux-2.6
apt-get build-dep linux-2.6
export QUILT_PATCHES=../grsec-patches
quilt push -a
python debian/bin/genorig.py ../linux-3.0.tar.bz2
debian/rules orig
fakeroot debian/rules source
fakeroot make -f debian/rules.gen binary-arch_amd64_grsec_amd64 You could also do dpkg-buildpackage, pdebuild or whatever. Kernel handbook is a nice reading too if you want more information on how to rebuild Debian kernels. The quilt push -a may fail if you checkout an svn version more recent than mine. I try to keep patches up to date but I usually have some delay. Note that installing the kernel will require installing linux-grsec-base package. Binary is not yet available on my mirror but you can easily build it. Source can be found on git.debian.org. If you're interested by this, don't hesitate to mail me or the bug.

The issue This morning (while I was running late for an appointement) I had a very weird stuff happening on my Thinkpad T61 laptop. Since I recently offered myself a shiny Thinkpad x201s, I have to admit I don't use much my T61 anymore. But this morning I had to print a page (for this appointement) and, as I didn't yet configured my printer on the x201s, I went to the T61. But I noticed that the network was down. I've tried quickly on wireless but, bad luck, my current wifi setup selects the channel automatically and it prefers choosing channels which aren't available in the US. Guess what, my T61 comes from the US and has those channels completely disabled, so no wireless available either. The investigation I first tried to

modprobe -r e1000e
modprobe e1000e to see if it fixed the problem, but it didn't. Worse, the interface disappeared and never reappeared. I tried to reboot but it didn't fix the problem, the link was still down. Running really late, I put the file on a usb key and printed it from the powerbook and postponed the fix for later. Now, this evening, I tried to investigate a bit more. Symptoms weren't only that the nic wasn't working, but there was a high load on the system (1-2 at idle), unresponsiveness every second or so, and watching top I could see spikes of high cpu usage for the kworker kernel thread. Typing that on google you can find a lot of people running on this issue, usually starting around kernel 2.6.36 or 2.6.37. Now, I might have upgraded the kernel recently to 3.0.0-4, but that didn't look related since the problem first appeared when the laptop was up and running. And I tried to reboot under 2.6.39, 2.6.38 and even 2.6.32 and the problem was still present. Each time, unloading the module would fix the problem, but loading it again wouldn't make the interface reappear. People advised to boot with pcie_ports=compat but that didn't do anything. I tried to boot without intel_iommu=force (disable Intel Vt-d) and pcie_aspm (Active State Power Management) but nothing either. Considering a userland issue, I've tried to boot a grml live distro (always keep a grml.iso in your /boot, extlinux-update will even put it in your menu automatically), and the problem was still present. So not a Debian kernel issue, not a userland issue, only thing left was the laptop. I didn't update the Bios recently, so I wondered exactly what could be the problem. I started to feel a little bad, since I still really like that laptop, and that I already decided to lend it to my sister since her own T61 is sitting with a dead system board in my shelf. I know she might have some negative waves, but she was not even landed when the problem first appear. The fix Then I had a flash. It's not mystery that I'm used to break network cards, and I had the bright idea to shutdown the laptop, disconnect AC and battery, then let it idle a bit. I even tried the secret Thinkpad power button code but I think it's unrelated. Then I re-plugged the battery, booted to grml and the issue was gone. I rebooted on the standard Debian and the link was up, network was working. So what happenned? The (tentative) explanation My guess is that, somehow, the network card firmware has an issue and choked on something (a network frame or an attack exactly like the one we demonstrated on ASF firmware). In fact, no, I don't think it's the e1000e firmware. My T61 comes with Intel vPro, which includes AMT (Active Management Technology), a remote management solution a bit like ASF but more advanced. As far as I know, AMT firmware always runs, even when it's disabled, it's just completely idle. Idle, but in this case I think it choked on something, and a reboot isn't enough to restart the AMT firmware. But a real hard reset without any power seems to do the trick. What next? Well, a part of me is pretty scared, but another is just bored. I mean, we know about that, that's exactly the kind of issue we are warning people of. I have no idea what exactly happened, and there's no way I'll be able to reproduce that, but I'm pretty sure it's something lying at a pretty low level in the platform, and which can severely disable your workstation. Now if it happens again I won't lose too much time on this. TL;DR: helping other people In case you came here because you searched on google terms like kworker cpu usage , e1000e, interrupts, it might be a good idea to first reboot on a live CD to eliminate installation issues, then shutdown the laptop, remove the battery and let it few seconds idle. This might be enough to reset something inside and fix the situation.

[UPDATE]: A reader from planet debian (thank you Ross!) just made me noticed that this was definitely not useful. On the (standard) intel documentation page, there's some icons on the top right, like stuff for social networks (facebook, linkedin, twitter and some other), a print icon and a down arrow which I didn't notice at all but which is a direct download link to the PDF. Sorry Intel for doubting you! Starting recently, Intel has started to provide documentation using a flash pdf viewer (example here). This is really painful. I personnaly don't use flash (the flash player is not installed on most of my boxes), I have concerns over flash security wise and I don't like the fact it's proprietary, that the x86_64 version lags behind etc. On top of that, just *using* the flash pdf viewer is painful. It's slow, you're restricted to your browser, search is inexistent, you can't save them for reading them offline. Trying to dig a little inside the Intel website, I had a thought. Who in the world can't use flash? Linux people, yes (at least some of them) but nobody cares. But iPhone/iPad users don't have flash player on their OS, meaning they can't read Intel docs. Or can they? Thanks to the Inspect element tool in webkit browsers, one can easily watch the above website and see something interesting. The div containing the flash applet is style like:

<div id="viewerPlaceHolder" class="nonipad">

Since the last post, few things did happen. Basically, it's still not the right time for Debian users to upgrade to Xfce 4.8. We eventually managed to upload the whole desktop part (except the xfce metapackage) to experimental and we did upload some of the goodies too. Licensing issues have been solved so the concerned packages have been uploaded, and we're right now waiting on the three packages sitting in NEW.

• garcon is really mandatory for Xfce 4.8 since it implements the menu library, used by xfce4-panel, xfdesktop and xfce4-appfinder;
• thunar-vfs is needed if you want to keep the goodies not yet ported to the new thunar gio-based API (right now that means squeeze, the archiver, not the distribution);
• tumbler is a replacement for thunar-thumbnailers, implementing a standard thumbnailing interface, so it's possible to skip it for now.

So you'll need to be a little more patient and kindly wait for our ftp-masters to process the (quite huge) NEW backlog. After that we'll need a bit more time in experimental to test upgrade cases, then we'll do an upload to unstable of the whole desktop part and the whole goodies. Upgrading to xfce4-panel 4.8 means *all* plugins need to be rebuilt too, so that means a huge upgrade and a quite large transition to handle for the release team, so we'll have to schedule the unstable upload with them in order not to break all their plans (yes, we try to be good Debian citizens) So please be patient, but you'll see Xfce 4.8 in unstable in a not too distant future. I'll put an update here when we'll need brave volunteers willing to break their systems by doing upgrade tests. [UPDATE]: garcon, thunar-vfs and tumbler were just accepted into experimental, thanks to our ftp-masters. Now we'll synchronize with release team and upload to unstable when possible.

Now that Squeeze has been released, we (the pkg-xfce group) are in the process of uploading 4.8 to Debian. And we are uploading it to experimental for good reasons. Not that 4.8 is broken, but the packages are, and we're aware of it. Some packages are still in NEW, some are not uploaded because of some licensing issues, some have not been uploaded because we didn't yet have the time. What does this mean for you? That you should *not* upgrade to Xfce 4.8. Not all packages will be upgraded, and mixing 4.6 and 4.8 is a bad idea. We don't know yet what will happen (and that's the whole point of uploading to experimental), and it seems that there are issues indeed. So unless you're willing to fix the problems, don't upgrade to 4.8. It's not complete and it *will* break your install. I wouldn't recommend building and installing from our svn repository (for the sames reasons) nor from another (since upgrade path won't be guaranteed and we won't be able to fix them for you). So please be patient, we will upload 4.8 to unstable at one point, and there will still be polishing to be made if you want to help.

These days, I've been used to a very specific $EDITOR usage. I use my (Xfce) workspaces as context switch. Basically, each time I need to start a new activity I open a new workspace, open some terminals, maybe a browser, an editor (gvim) window etc. Then when I'm done, I delete that workspace. I can have multiple activities at once, and switch from one to another depending on various stuff. On those workspaces, I'd like to be able to have only one editor window, even when I open new files using gvim foo.c . But I'd like to have one editor window per workspace, not one global editor, since I'd like the editor to be context-specific too. I recently heard about the gvim remote stuff, and I've came with the following gvim function (zsh syntax):

function gvim()
desktop=$(xprop -root -notype -f _NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP 0c '$0+\n' _NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP)
if [ "$#" -ge "1" ];
then
gvimargs="--remote-tab-silent"
fi
=gvim --servername $desktop $gvimargs $*
The xprop trick is a hackish way to stick one gvim window per workspace, it might need to be adjusted if one has a two monitors setup and want to be able to have one editor per monitor per workspace. Basically, that snippet checks if a gvim server already exists with the current workspace name. If yes, it opens the file(s) in it, if not it run a new gvim server and opens the file there. It works more or less fine, but it has one problem: it fails badly when one needs to give args to the gvim call. Those args are usually placed *before* filenames, so in my case it won't work. One way to fix this would be to loop on all the args, check if the arg is an existing file, in case add it to $files. If not, add it to $args, then call gvim with the correct order. Works, except when you want to edit a new file, where you're back to point one. All in all, it'd work, but it's not really a nice way to do it, imho. So I'm calling for help, in case anyone has an idea about that. Basically, is there a way to say to gvim always open files in a remote server, run it if it's not already running using the config file and not an argument (so I don't mess with the command line). I do need the servername to be desktop specific though, so it's still a difficulty. NOTE: I know that emacs has some kind of remote server habilities too, but I'm not sure how it works and if it'd be possible to do that in emacs, and I'm not really an emacs user and don't really intend to switch. If you have any idea, feel free to comment (by mail), I might do a later post when I have an enhanced solution.

Since people seem to like it, I ll be trying to publish some news about ongoing work on the XSF side, on a (possibly) regular basis. Let s have a look at what happened since last time I blogged about X in Debian, mostly by checking what appeared in my =debian-x mailbox. Debian XSF News #1

• mesa 7.9 was uploaded to experimental by Julien Cristau.
• Jurij Smakov uploaded a bunch of xserver-xorg-sun* drivers to experimental for us.
• I started a debian/xsf-tools.git repository to gather some tools for people wishing to work on X-related packages. For now it contains the usual tagging script, an mrconfig file to ease downloading/updating all XSF packages, thanks to the mr tool, and some bits of documentation. I also added the git URL to the upstream repositories to debian/watch* for all packages.
• Christopher James Halse Rogers started a discussion about the Ubuntu plans for Natty release. This is mostly about DRI, and unfortunately, I haven t digged into mesa yet, but thankfully we had some answers from upstream there.
• I uploaded many xfonts-* packages, prepared by Julien Cristau.
• I uploaded many x11-* bundles as well. Why are we creating bundles? Because there are many tiny applications, which (from the distribution point of view) don t deserve their own package. For example x11-apps contains toys like xclock, xeyes, or xlogo.
• I uploaded many lib* packages, plus pixman. When there were no fundamental changes (as in: no need for an shlibs bump, which could prevent some packages from migrating), those were uploaded to unstable, others went to experimental.
• Some cherry-picked patches were added to libx11, from a stable branch. The 2:1.3.3-4 version has been unblocked for squeeze, and brings support for Compose O A and for Compose \ o /.
• I also reverted the removal of the (famous?) apple:badmap and apple:goodmap options for macintosh keyboards in xkeyboard-configuration (which produces the xkb-data binary package), thanks to a bugreport from Yves-Alexis Perez; it s been unblocked for squeeze as well. If someone notices an inversion of those keys after the upgrade, that s probably because one of those options was added at some point, was ignored and unnoticed, and finally taken into account. Depending on the case, it s sufficient to switch to the other one, or to remove it entirely.
• Many bug submitters were pinged by Julien Viard de Galbert. But another report should appear soon, following TXBW1 and TXBW2.
• More drivers were updated to their latest upstream versions, and uploaded to experimental.
• Thanks to an xserver-xorg-video-mga user (Ferenc W gner), we were able to extract and apply a patch from launchpad s #292214 to fix the dual head breakage. Since we haven t seen any complains since then, we ll probably ask for an unblock for squeeze.

What are the XSF plans?

• Keep close track of upstream work, possibly contributing there. We re mostly up-to-date with the RC1 for X11R7.6 and it d be nice to keep it that way, but that requires time/work.
• Keep on answering new bug reports quickly, before bug reporters vanish or switch to another system (a broken X can trigger this kind of reaction).
• Keep on pinging older bug reports. Anyone is welcome to join and help, there s no high profile required to do so, as confirmed by Julien Viard de Galbert.
• To make it easier, it would be nice to have some documentation written down, instead of relying on everyone s own memory. There s a lot of wiki pages about X in Debian, but they might be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Building up some consistent documentation should help people understand how they can contribute, and how to do so.
• It d be nice to have some documentation targeted at users as well, so refreshing the old XSF FAQ would be welcome, as well as shipping it in some package for offline use.

Another one, just not to forget it, since I'm just starting to play with grsecurity. When building package under pbuilder/cowbuilder and using a grsec kernel, you have some stuff to tune. I built my grsec kernel with the sysctl options enabled, so it's easier to fix. The first thing I needed, not directly related to building packages, is the permission for my user to execute stuff in untrusted folder (since I really need to be able to run stuff from my home). I've configured Trusted Path Execution with:

corsac@hidalgo: sudo sysctl -a grep kernel.grsecurity.tpe
kernel.grsecurity.tpe = 1
kernel.grsecurity.tpe_gid = 500
kernel.grsecurity.tpe_invert = 1
kernel.grsecurity.tpe_restrict_all = 1 So what I need from there is to add my user to that group:

corsac@hidalgo: sudo addgroup --gid 500 grsec-tpe
Adding group grsec-tpe' (GID 500) ...
Done.
corsac@hidalgo: sudo adduser corsac grsec-tpe
Adding user corsac' to group grsec-tpe' ...
Adding user corsac to group grsec-tpe
Done. That works fine for general usage (at the cost of less protection for my user). When trying to build stuff in pbuilder, the first problem I hit was during dependencies installation:

[81903.221359] grsec: From 127.0.0.6: denied chmod +s
of /home/corsac/debian/pbuilder/build/cow.8616/usr/local/share/sgml/stylesheet
by /home/corsac/debian/pbuilder/build/cow.8616/bin/chmod[chmod:10424] uid/euid:0/0 gid/egid:0/0,
parent /home/corsac/debian/pbuilder/build/cow.8616/var/lib/dpkg/info/sgml-base.postinst[sgml-base.posti:10421] uid/euid:0/0 gid/egid:0/0 grsec enforces some more protection when in a chroot, and especially forbids some operations in there. So I add an exception, using sysctl. For that, a convenient /etc/sysctl.conf.d/grsec.conf will help:

# we need to do stuff in chroots for package building
kernel.grsecurity.chroot_deny_chmod=0

# lock grsec sysctl
# kernel.grsecurity.grsec_lock=1 The last one is still in comment since I know I'll have to tune further the sysctl. With this, the build-deps install fine, but when starting the build itself, it fails because I can't execute stuff inside chroot, and especially not debian/rules:

Sep 20 19:43:24 hidalgo kernel: [87339.510137] grsec: From 127.0.0.6: denied untrusted exec of
/home/corsac/debian/pbuilder/build/cow.26657/tmp/buildd/evolution-data-server-2.30.3/debian/rules by
/home/corsac/debian/pbuilder/build/cow.26657/usr/bin/fakeroot-sysv[fakeroot:10916] uid/euid:1234/1234 gid/egid:1234/1234,
parent /home/corsac/debian/pbuilder/build/cow.26657/usr/bin/fakeroot-sysv[fakeroot:10895] uid/euid:1234/1234 gid/egid:1234/1234 That's again because of TPE. Because, inside the chroot, the pbuilder user (uid 1234) doesn't belong to the grsec-tpe group (which doesn't even exist). So the correct fix here is to create a 500 group inside the chroot, and add the pbuilder user:

corsac@hidalgo: sudo cowbuilder --login --save-after-login
-> Copying COW directory
[ ]
root@hidalgo:/# sudo addgroup --gid 500 grsec-tpe
Adding group grsec-tpe' (GID 500) ...
Done.
root@hidalgo:/# sudo adduser pbuilder grsec-tpe
Adding user pbuilder' to group grsec-tpe' ...
Adding user pbuilder to group grsec-tpe
Done. Et voil !